Downregulation of Immunosuppressive Molecules, PD-1 and PD-L1 but not PD-L2, in the Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Over-Expression of Immunosuppressive Molecules, PD-L1 and PD-L2, in Ulcerative Colitis Patients

PD-1 Interaction with PD-L1 but not PD-L2 on B-cells Mediates Protective Effects of Estrogen against EAE.

Increased remissions in multiple sclerosis (MS) during late pregnancy may result from high levels of sex steroids such as estrogen and estriol. Estrogen (E2=17β-estradiol) protects against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), but the cellular basis for E2-induced protection remains unclear. Treatment with relatively low doses of E2 can protect against clinical and histological signs...

Costimulatory pathways in multiple sclerosis: distinctive expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in patients with different patterns of disease.

T lymphocytes costimulatory molecules, including CD80, CD86, CD28, CTLA4, PD-1, PD-L1, and B7-H3, are associated with the preferential production of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines. We analyzed the expression of these molecules and myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific IL-10 and IFN-gamma production in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with relapsing-remitting acute (AMS, n = 40) or stabl...

Th1/Th2 Imbalance and Elevated PD-L1 in Pleural Effusion Predict the Risk of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculous Pleuritis

Background: Patient immune status might be indicative of the variance in bacterial genetics in drug-resistant tuberculous pleuritis and could be used for predicting the risk of multi-drug resistant tuberculous pleuritis (MDR-TB). Objective: To determine the significance of Th2/Th1 ratio and concentration of PD-L1 in the pleural effusions for prediction of MDR-T...

Association of PD-1, PD-1 ligands, and other features of the tumor immune microenvironment with response to anti-PD-1 therapy.

PURPOSE Immunomodulatory drugs differ in mechanism-of-action from directly cytotoxic cancer therapies. Identifying factors predicting clinical response could guide patient selection and therapeutic optimization. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients (N = 41) with melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), colorectal carcinoma, or castration-resistant prostate cancer w...